Paris, together sustaining its suburbia & satellite cities, forms the Greater Paris metropolitan area, with the people calculated at Eleven.Five million when of January 2004, the 2nd big area around Europe (fallowing Moscow, and along by owning London), and more or less a Twentieth virtually all thickly settled area in the globe.

Greater Paris arethe, by owning a number GDP in 2003, higher than Brazil's and Russia's, is the largest fiscal & business center of Europe (alongside London), harboring more than 30% of France's white-collar people, too when to a higher degree 40% of a headquarters of French corporations, sustaining the big downtown of Europe (La Défense), and a 2nd-largest stock exchange in Europe (Euronext).

Known worldwide when a Capital of france (la Ville Lumière), Paris has been the major tourer destination & ethnic hub for centuries. A city is noted for a beauty of its architecture, its urban perspectives & avenues, too when the wealth of its museums. Built in an arc of the Flow of any stream Seine, it is divided into 2 area: the Right Bank to a north & the little Left Bank to the south.

At one time a capital of a compound empire stretching all over 5 continents, Paris is however think of the heart of the French-speaking globe & has retained a heavy international position, hosting the headquarters of the OECD and the UNESCO among others. This, cooperative by having its fiscal, business, political, & touristry activities, has sour Paris into one of a major transport hubs in the globe. New York, London, Tokyo, and Paris come typically used when a quaternary major global cities.

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Name of Paris and its inhabitants
Paris is pronounced in English, and .

A original Latin title of Paris was Lutetia (). Lutetia was late drop by favor of lone Paris, according to a title of the Gallic Parisi tribe, whose name mayhap comes from either a Celtic Gallic word parios, meaning "caldron", however this is non certain.

Traditionally Paris was referred to as Paname (.)

A indweller of Paris come referred to as Parisians within English, as Parisiens (.

Locally, dweller of the Paris suburbia come referred to as banlieusards (.

Geography
Coordinates
Paris is placed at (48.866667, Two.333056).

Area
A city (commune) of Paris has an area of 105.398 km² (Forty.69 mi², or even 26,044 acres). Excluding a outlying parks of Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes, the actual vicinity of the city is just 86.928 km² (33.56 mi², or even 21,480 acres).

This is non a super big locality, & in point of fact a commune of Paris is merely the 113th big commune of France (away from 36,782 communes). For comparison, Greater London has an area of 1,572 km² (607 mi²), & New York City has an area of 786 km² (303 mi²). This peculiar fact is due to the conservativism of administrative restricts inside France. Unlike more american metropolises like London, Future York, or even Berlin whose restricts were extended in the 20th century to include suburbia antecedently independent, in the pack of Paris there are no such enlargement happened. As a matter of fact, a endure period Paris was enlarged was inside 1860 when Napoleon III and the prefect Haussmann annexed the so suburban communes surrounding Paris, like Montmartre or Auteuil, extending the front yard of the city from either 34.Fifty km² (Baker's dozen.Trey mi²) to 78 km² (Thirty.I mi²), & creating a 20 arrondissements of Paris. Since 1860, a restricts of Paris use lone marginally changed, reaching a 86.Ennead km² figure indicated above. Within 1929, the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes were officially incorporated into the city of Paris.

So, a Brooklyn, Greenwich, or Charlottenburg of Paris are however prevarication outside of a city of Paris proper, & a city of Paris may be additional justly in comparison the borough of Manhattan (59.5 km²/23 mi²) or even to Inner London (319 km²/123 mi²). Potentially a big business & fiscal district of Paris, called La Défense, lies outside of the city limits.

A urban area of Paris (unité urbaine de Paris), nonetheless, is tremendously additional extended than a administrative city of Paris. It experienced an front yard of 2,723 km² (1,051.Quaternity mi²) within 1999, astir Xxvi days big than a city of Paris. When for the metropolitan area of Paris (aire urbaine de Paris), its area inside 1999 was 14,518 km² (5,605.Pentad mi²), astir 138 days big than a city of Paris.

the city of Paris proper, excluding a outlying Bois delaware Boulogne & Bois first state Vincennes, has an about regular elliptical shape, by owning a circumference of 35.5 kilometer.(Twenty-two miles). This ellipse extends Ix.Quintet kilometer.(Sixer miles) from either n to south, & Xi klick.(Heptad miles) from either east to west.

Density
At a 1999 French census a people density in the city of Paris was 20,164 isoniazid. by the km² (52,225 nydrazid. by the sq. mile). Excluding a outlying parks of Bois first state Boulogne & Bois diamond state Vincennes, a density in the city was actually 24,448 nydrazid. by the km² (63,321 isoniazid. by the sq. mile). As a matter of comparison, a density inside Manhattan at a 2000 US census was 25,846 isoniazid. by the km² (66,940 isoniazid. by the sq. mile), & a density within Inner London at a 2001 UK census was 8,663 isoniazid. by the km² (22,438 nydrazid. by the sq. mile).

A people density in the city of Paris is very high in comparison people of virtually all american cities, which are then seldom when crowded when Paris (except for Manhattan). A density around Paris is corresponding to the densities met in Asian cities. Around numbers of american cities, humans develop left a city centre in a 20th century to relocate to the distant suburban area, allowing the city centre as a downtown dead when asleep. Although a city of Paris has besides had a decline witharound people since the Twenties, it has notwithstanding seen fewer dweller relocating to the suburbia than has occurred in more american cities.

River Seine winds its way through the center of the image. The gray and purple pixels are the urban areas. The patchwork of green, brown, tan and yellow surrounding the city is farmland.]] Further precisely, population relocating to a suburbia were largely replaced by fresh humans attracted to an urban life style, & buildings were non converted into agents when consistently when has happened elsein which, like around London where a indweller use left a city centre since the Second World War, and a density of Inner London is nowadays lot moo than that of Paris. This is virtually all striking in a mediaeval heart of two metropolises: the City of London and the 4 1st arrondissements of Paris were the mediaeval heart of both metropolis, by owning densities reaching 75,000 to 100,000 nydrazid. by a km² prior to the Industrial Revolution. Now, the City of London is most empty, by owning a people density of lone 2,478 nydrazid. by the km² (6,417 isoniazid. by the sq. mile) within 2001, whereas a 4 foremost arrondissements of Paris however have a density of 18,139 isoniazid. by the km² (46,979 nydrazid. by the sq. mile) within 1999, vii days sir thomas more heavy than in the City of London.

Now, a virtually all crowded arrondissement in the city of Paris is the 11th arrondissement, with the density reaching 40,672 nydrazid. by the km² (105,339 nydrazid. by the sq. mile) inside 1999. A select few neighborhoods in the east of this arrondissement come known to stand densities of virtually 100,000 nydrazid. by the km² (260,000 nydrazid. by the sq. mile).

Altitude
A altitude of Paris varies, sustaining many prominent hills : Montmartre 130 m (425 ft) Above Sea Level Belleville 115 m (375 ft) ASL Menilmontant 108 m (354 ft) ASL Buttes-Chaumont 80 m (269 ft) ASL Passy 71 m (233 ft) ASL Chaillot 67 m (22Foot) ASL Montagne Ste-Geneviève 61 m (20Foot) ASL Butte-aux-Cailles 62m (203 ft) ASL Montparnasse 66 m (217 ft) ASL

Montparnasse was leveled in the 18th century.
A greatest elevation in the populated area of Paris is in the outdoors of Montmorency (Val-d'Oise département), 19.5 km. (Twelve miles) northward-northwest of a center of Paris when the crow flies, at 195 metres (640 foot) above sea-level.

Temperatures
A coldest temperature ever recorded withwithin Paris since meteoric records began in 1873 get on December 10, 1879 when the temperature went down to –Xxiii.Ennead °C (–Xi.Cipher °F) in the city proper, & –Xxv.Sestet °C (–Fourteen.One °F) in the southeastern suburbia of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.

A hottest temperature was recorded in July 28, 1947 when the temperature in the city proper (Parc Montsouris) reached 40.Little joe °C (104.Heptad °F). When you took a fatal European heat wave of 2003, the temperature inside central Paris (Parc Montsouris) "only" reached 38.I °C (Centred.Half a dozen °F) in a period of the day, when reaching Forty.Ii °C (104.Tetrad °F) at Le Bourget Airport in a northern suburbs, however the cold when asleep in August 11 and August 12, 2003 was 25.V °C (77.Ix °F) inside a Parc Montsouris, which is the hottest minimal temperature when asleep ever registered in Paris, stimulating the demise of numbers of senior population whose blood heat may not cool down.

History
Independent article: History of Paris

Brief history
the title of a city comes from either the title of a Gallic tribe (parisis) inhabiting a area at a period of the Roman conquest. A historical heart of Paris is the Île de la Cité, a little island at present largely occupied per brobdingnagian Palais de Justice and the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris. These are attached by owning a little Île Saint-Louis (another isl&) occupied by elegant houses built in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries.

Paris was occupied by the Gallic tribe until the Romans arrived in 52 BC. A encroacher referred to a last resident when a Parisii, but known as their fresh city Lutetia, meaning "marshy place". Just about Fifty years late a city got spread to a latin quarter of the Seine, today called the Latin Quarter, and was renamed "Paris".

Roman rule experienced ceased by 508, when Clovis the Frank made a city the capital of the Merovingian dynasty of the Franks. Around 511, he commissioned a building of the cathedral of St.Etienne on the Île. Viking invasions during a 800s forced the Parisians to build the fort on the Île de la Cité. In March 28, 845 Paris was sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collected the immense ransom in exchange for leaving. A weakness of the late Carolingian kings of France led to the gradual rise in power of the Counts of Paris; Odo, Count of Paris was elected king of France by feudal lords when Charles III was also claiming a potty. Eventually, inside 987 Hugh Capet, count of Paris, was elected king of France per wonderful feudal lords when a survive Carolingian king died.

The Arc de Triomphe and the Champs-Élysées When you took a 11th century a city spread to the Correct Bank. In a Twelfth & Thirteenth centuries, which involved the reign of Philip II Augustus (1180 to 1223), the city grew strongly. Independent thoroughfares were paved, a foremost Louvre was built as a fortress, & many churches, including a Cathedral of Notre-Dame, were constructed or even begun. Many schools on a Left Bank were grouped together into the Sorbonne, which counts Albertus Magnus and St. Thomas Aquinas among its early scholars. In the Middle Ages, Paris prospered as a trading & noetic nucleus, interrupted temporarily whenever a Black Death struck in a 14th century, and over again in a 15th century once urban rising drove the royal court to abandon the city for nearly C years. Under a reign of King Louis XIV, the Louis the great, from either either 1643 to 1715, a royal home was touched from Paris to nearby Versailles.

A French Revolution began with a storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789. Several of a conflicts in the next couple of years were between Paris & the outlying rural areas.

Within 1870 a Franco-Prussian War ended in the siege of Paris, followed by The Paris Commune followed. It fell back around 1871 when the wintertime of famine & bloodshed. A Eiffel Tower, the right-known landmark withwithinside Paris, was built in 1889 in the period of prosperity called La Belle Époque (The Beautiful time period). A celebrated Parisian Haussmann Style also dates back to this period, when you took which good deal of the Paris known in todays world was planned & constructed.

Within 1900 Paris hosted a 1900 Summer Olympics, and hosted the two once agaaround in 1924 (1924 Summer Olympics).

Around June 1940, many weeks fallowing a German attack in France in the period of World War II, Paris fell to German occupation forces, which remained there until late-August 1944. When a battle of Normandy, Paris was liberated when the German general Dietrich von Choltitz surrendered after encounter to the French Second Armoured Section commanded by Philippe de Hauteclocque backed by the Allies.

In a late-1960s, the Tour Montparnasse, a big, modern skyscraper, was constructed upright south of the Jardin du Luxembourg. These are starkly away from place around its front yard & ruined several of Haussmann's carefully planned prospect; intrinsically it was one of a virtually completely quick is a causal agent of for the changes inside zoning & administrative system that today keep all urban development outside the city limits (in the main confining skyscrapers to La Défense).

Demographics
Population growth
At a 1999 census, the people of the city of Paris (excluding suburbia) was 2,125,246. A people of the area of Paris was 11,174,743.

Historically, a people of the city of Paris peaked inside 1921, whilst it reached Ii.9 million. Still, there hwhen been since so a movement toward sleep in suburban area, also as the gentrification of many arewhen of inner Paris, & a utilize of available space for agents like than abode, although this phenomenon wwhen non as massive as happened inside London or in Western cities. These tendencies come controversial, & a todays city administration is trying to reverse the babies.

In point of fact, when of February 2004 estimates, a people of the city reached 2,142,800 habitant, increasing first since 1954. When for the area, it reached more or less Eleven.Five million habitant within 2004, growing twice sooner in the 2000s than in the Nineties. A area of Paris has been within continuous expansion since a prevent of the French Wars of Religion at a prevent of the 16th century (using just brief blow when you took the French Revolution and World War II).

Equally may be seen from either a numbers, single Xviii.5% of a habitant of the area of Paris survive in the city of Paris, piece 81.5% sleep in a suburban area. Visitant to Paris, world health organization mostly stay within a city, come commonly non caring that 81.5% of "Parisians" actually survive outside of the city itself, around its super extended suburbia. a majority of Parisians likewise operate outside of the city proper: at the 1999 nosecount, there were 5,089,179 jobs in the area of Paris, 32.5% of which were in the city of Paris proper, piece 67.5% were placed outside of the city. These peculiar information come due to the conservativeness of French administrative restricts (understand Geographics part above).

For comparisons, in the area of London, approximately 60% of population survive in Greater London proper (2001 census), while in the New York-Newark-Bridgeport metropolitan area, 37.8% of people survive within New York City (2000 census). Possibly in the Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County metropolitan area, 22.6% of people survive within a city of Los Angeles proper. Paris may be supplementary justly in comparison a San Francisco Bay Area, where lone 11% of indweller survive within a city of San Francisco proper. Yet, unlike in a San Francisco Bay Locality, no city within a area of Paris that rivals Paris, the big city (commune) after Paris existence Boulogne-Billancourt, with simply 108,300 habitant inside 2004.

Following of this peculiar situation, there are victims within France world health organization warn against the therefore-supposed "muséification" of the city of Paris. Already, everthing airdrome come placed outside of a city, the big fiscal & business district (La Défense) is outside of the city, the independent food sweeping market (Rungis) providing food for the whole metropolitan area is outside of the city, major famed schools (École Polytechnique, HEC, INSEAD, etc.) are outside of the city, globe illustrious research lab (inside Saclay or Évry) are outside of a city, the big sport sports stadium (Stade de France) is outside of a city, and possibly a bit of ministries (Ministry of Transport) come at present placed outside of the city of Paris proper, does'nt to mention the National Archives of France, which are due to relocate to the northern suburban area prior to 2010.

These are despised that a city of Paris is turning into an embalmed museum, using holidaymaker & Amélie's nostalgists as its lone denizens, when the rattling economic activity & 21st century development choose place elsewhere in the area. By using a few of a virtually all tight protection laws in the globe, these are virtually impossible to build freshly buildings within the city. Recent proposals by Paris' recently city manager, Bertrand Delanoë, who is proposing to gather a virtually completely noted designer in a globe to build skyscrapers in the fringe of the central city (however within the city proper), use been met by having heavy opposition on all sides. A city manager wished to discarded a cap in building height dating back to Haussmann in the 19th century, and so build tall sequentially to compensate for the want of space on the ground, like was neutralize Manhattan. the task was besides intended to give a newly image & fame to Paris in the 21st century, rivaling globe cities rather Shanghai, or even London in which city planners own began building esthetically acclaimed skyscrapers in a City. A likely failure of the city manager's task is already interpreted by a select few heretofore an additional sign of the "muséificication" of the city of Paris.

Historical population
For complete tables, view: Historical population

Immigration
A area of Paris is one of a virtually all multi-cultural around Europe. At a 1999 nosecount, Nineteen.4% of the amount people of the area were born outside of metropolitan France.

As a comparison: at a 2001 UK nose count, Xix.5% of the amount people of the area of London was born outside of a (metropolitan) United Kingdom, when at the 2000 Usa census Twenty-seven.5% of the sum people of the New York-Newark-Bridgeport metropolitan area was born outside of the United States (50 states), & 31.9% of the amount people of the Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County metropolitan area was born outside of the United States (Fifty states).

However at a 1999 French nose count, Quartet.2% of the amount people of the area of Paris were recent migrator (we.e. humans world health organization were non sleep around France in 1990). A virtually all recent immigrants to Paris are au fond from either mainland China and from Africa.

Economy
A area of Paris is one of a engines of the spherical economy. Around 2002, at a time after a euro was very great, a GDP of the metropolitan area of Paris every bit estimated by INSEE and Eurostat was US$398.Four billion (at very rate of exchange, non at PPP). Around 2003, with a recovery of a euro, the GDP of the area was roughly United states$497 billion. In case it were a united states, a area of Paris would exist when the Fifteenth big economy in the globe (as of 2003), above Brazil (US$492.Three billion) & Russia (US$432.9 billion).

Paris as an engine of the global economy: La Défense (in the background), the largest business district of Europe. Season within, season retired, a area of Paris accounts for just about 29% of the sum GDP of metropolitan France, although its population is simply Eighteen.7% of the amount people of metropolitan France (when of 2004). Within 2002, based on data from Eurostat, a GDP of the area of Paris accounted alone for Quatern.5% of the aggregate GDP of the European Union (of 25 members), although its people is lone Ii.45% of the sum people of the EU25. In Europe, a single more area that may compare by using Paris is London. A GDP of either Paris or even London metropolitan areas far outweighs a GDP of any more area inside Europe.

As a matter of comparison, a sum GDP of Greater London in 2002, as published by Eurostat, was America$309.8 billion (or so America$358 billion within 2003) at rattling rate of exchange. the area of London, nonetheless, is big than Greater London proper, however given that there is no authority or even technical indicator professional has ever officially defined a extent of London area, these are hard to give a figure for its GDP. Based on data from Eurostat numbers, a cooperative GDP of Greater London & all the NUTS 2 regions around Greater London was United states$574.6 billion around 2002 (some United states$664 billion inside 2003). Nonetheless, this huge locality extends from either Brighton to Oxford to Bedford to Colchester to Dover and is much big than what virtually all population see when a area of London. So, i personally might simply say that within 2003 a actual GDP figure for a area of London was someplace between United states$358 billion & United states$664 billion; & it seems sensible to say that the amount GDP of London area is or so adequate to the sum GDP of Paris area (Me$497 billion).

Within Northward America, there are lone 2 metropolitan areas that have a GDP big than Paris: a New York-Newark-Bridgeport metropolitan area and the Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County metropolitan area. Based on data from 2003 numbers freed per U.s. Conference of City manager inside November 2004, a amount GDP of the Up to date York-Newark-Bridgeport area was United states$847.6 billion, whereas a amount GDP of the Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County area was Me$699.8 billion. Paris arethe, by having America$497 billion, got a big GDP than entirely more Northward Our contries metropolitan areas: Chicago-Naperville-Michigan metropolitan area (US$390.Five billion), Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia metropolitan area (US$362.6 billion), San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland area (Bay Area) (US$346.Four billion), etc.

Outside of Northerly Usthe, a simply more metropolitan areas in the globe by using a GDP big than Paris come Tokyo metropolitan area and Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. Based on information from either data from a Numbers Bureau of Japan, a GDP of a Tokyo area inside 2003 was America$1,315 billion (at rattling rate of exchange), when the GDP of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto area was Me$578 billion.

Paris & London, which were whilst a big cities in a globe, come today merely or so the Twentieth big metropolitan areas in the globe, however when shopping at GDP numbers, two metropolitan areas however sub the top Little phoebe of the big gross metropolitan products in the globe.

Metropolitan areas	2003 GDP (around billion America$) (at very rate of exchange)
01- Tokyo	1,315
02- Future York	847.6
03- Los Angeles	699.8
04- Osaka	578
05- Paris 05- London	497 between 358 & 664

Administration
the city of Paris is itself a département of France (Paris, 75), part of the Île-de-France région. Paris is divided into twenty numerically ordered dominion, a arrondissements. These territory come numbered within a voluted pattern by having the 1er arrondissement at the center of the city.

A city of Paris besides is ii forests: a Bois de Boulogne on a west and the Bois de Vincennes on the east.

Before 1968, département 75 was a Seine département, which contained the city of Paris & its quick suburbia. A splitting higher of the Seine département resulted in the creation of foursome newly départements: Paris proper (75), and ternary départements (Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne) forming a ring in Paris, typically known as la lilliputian couronne (we.e. a "small ring", when opposed to the "large ring" of the extra distant suburban area of Paris).

As an exception to a normal system for French cities, occasionally powers ordinarily vested within the city manager of the city come instead vested in the representative of the national government, the Prefecture of Police which also controls a Paris Fire Brigade. For instance, Paris has there are no municipal police force, though it has some traffic warder. This occurs as bequest of the situation that as much as 1977, Paris experienced there are no city manager & was in essence dog per prefectoral administration.

Citizens of Paris elect within every arrondissement occasionally municipal councillor. To each one arrondissement has its have council, which elects a city manager of the arrondissement. A select few members of the arrondissement councils form a Council of Paris, which elects a city manager of Paris, & has a double functions of a municipal council & the general council of the département.

Bertrand Delanoë has been the City manager of Paris since March 18, 2001. Mr Delanoë is openly homosexual.

Previous city manager Jacques Chirac and Jean Tiberi were cited in corruption scandals in the Paris region.

Unlike more French cities, Paris doesn't own an intercomunality to govern a whole area (explorer Paris & its suburban area) & is non potential to keep close at hand 1 anytime before long.

List of Paris mayors since the French Revolution
Prior to the French Revolution, the municipality of Paris was headed per provost of the merchants (prévôt des marchands). In July 14, 1789, at a prevent of the afternoon, ensuing the storming of the Bastille, the provost of the merchandiser of Paris, Jacques de Flesselles, was shot by the crowd on the steps of Paris city hall. A next day, a 1st city manager of Paris was elected. July 15, 1789 - November 18, 1791: Jean-Sylvain Bailly (guillotined) November 18, 1791 - October 15, 1792: Jérôme Pétion (committed suicide in 1794 when he was astir to exist as arrested) December 8, 1792 - February 2, 1793: Nicolas Chambon February 14, 1793 - May 10, 1794: Jean-Nicolas Pache (deposed and arrested, survived) May 10, 1794 - July 27, 1794: Jean-Baptiste Fleuriot-Lescot (guillotined) 1794 to 1977: professional of city manager abolished, there is no city manager (except briefly inside 1848 below a overthrow of Louis-Philippe and in 1870 to 1871 ensuing a overthrow of Napoleon III) March 20, 1977 - May 16, 1995: Jacques Chirac May 22, 1995 - March 24, 2001: Jean Tiberi March 25, 2001 - now: Bertrand Delanoë

Transport

Paris is served by 2 main aerodrome: Orly Airport, which is south of Paris, and a Charles De Gaulle International Airport in nearby Roissy-en-France. a third & lot little aerodrome, at the town of Beauvais, 70 kilometre (45 mi) northward of the city, is utilized by charter & online-affordable airlines. Le Bourget airport nowadays only hosts business jets, air trade shows & a aerospace museum.

Paris is densely covered by the metro system, the Métro, when well as by the prominent total of bus lines. This interconnects by owning a high-high-velocity regional network, the RER, & besides a train network: commuter lines, national train lines, and a TGV (or derivatives rather Thalys or Eurostar for specific destinations). There are ii digressive tramway lines in the suburbs: Line T1 diarrhea from either Saint-Denis to Noisy-le-Sec, line T2 runs from either La Défense to Issy. a third line along the southern inner orbital road is presently under construction.

Administratively speaking, a public transport networks of the Paris area come coordinated per ''Syndicat des transports 500'Île-de-France (STIF), erst Syndicat des transports parisiens'' (STP). [http://www.stif-idf.fr/ official site] Members of a syndicate include the RATP, which operates a Parisian & a few suburban osculation, a Métro, & sections of the RER; the SNCF, which operates a rest of the RER & the suburban train lines; & more operators.

A city is the hub of France's motorway network, and is surrounded by an orbital road, a Périphérique, which roughly follows a path of final, 19th-century fortifications in Paris. On/off ramps of the Périphérique come known as 'Portes', when it correspond to the previous city gates in these fortifications. Virtually all one 'Portes' keep close at h& park and the tube station, in which non-residents come advised to leave cars. Traffic inside Paris is notoriously heavily, slow & dull.

Cultural centres and organisations

Monuments and landmarks
The Eiffel Tower - a "temporary" construction of Gustave Eiffel for the 1889 Universal Exposition Arc de Triomphe - monument at the center of the Place de l'Étoile, commemorating the victories of France and honoring those who died in battle. Les Invalides - museum and burial place of several awesome French soldiers, including Napoleon. The Conciergerie - medieval building; former prison in which a few large members of the ancien régime stayed before their dying in a period of the French Revolution Palais Garnier - Paris' central opera built in the later Second Empire period. Cathedral of Notre Dame on the Île de la Cité - Paris' 12th-century ecclesiastical centrepiece The Sorbonne - a University of Paris, the centre of Paris' Latin Quarter Statue of Liberty - a little version of the New York City harbor statue which France gave to the United States in 1886, placed on the Île des Cygnes on the Seine. An additional version is in the Luxembourg Garden. The Panthéon - beautiful church and tomb of a number of France's illustrious men and women Sainte-Chapelle - 13th century Gothic palace chapel. Église de la Madeleine Place des Vosges - square in the Marais district placed out by Henry IV Flame of Liberty public co-opted temporary memorial for Diana, Princess of Wales A Wallace fountains, spread throughout the city. A Grand Palais - a big glass exhibition area built for the 1900 Paris Exhibition.

Museums
Sacré Cœur, a Roman Catholic basilica.]] Le Dome des Invalides creeping at the horizon, barely past the towering shadow.]]

Look at likewise: List of museums in Paris

Louvre - a immense museum housing several works of art, including a Mona Lisa (La Joconde) and a Venus de Milo statue. Musée d'Orsay - an art museum housed in a converted 19th century railway station, which contains mainly Impressionist works. Centre Georges Pompidou, also referred to as Beaubourg - houses a Musée National d'Art Moderne and a cultural center with a large public library. Notable for its external skeleton of service pipes. Musée Rodin - a big collection of works by France's best known sculptor Musée du Montparnasse in the former home of creative person Marie Vassilieff at 21 Avenue du Maine, details the history of the great artistic community of Montparnasse. Musée Cluny, also referred to as a Musée National du Moyen-Age, houses a big collection of art & artefact from either the Middle Ages, including the tapestry period The Lady and the Unicorn. Musée Picasso, exhibits nearly 3000 pieces of art by Pablo Picasso as well as art from either his have family collection including works by Cézanne and Matisse.

Historical centres
Montmartre - historic area on the Butte, front yard to the Basilica of the Sacré Coeur & also illustrious for the studios and cafés of several smashing creative person. Champs-Élysées - a 17th-century garden promenadiamond state turned Avenue connection between the Concorde & Arc de Triomphe. Place de la Concorde - at a foot of the Champs-Élysées, built when the "Place Louis XV" places of the ill-famed guillotine. A Egyptian obleisk it holds now may be considered Paris' "oldest monument". Place de la Bastille - Former eastern fastness & gate of Paris. Montparnasse - historic area on the Left Bank, noted for the its creative person studios, music-halls, & café life. Quartier Latin - Paris' scholastic center from a 12th century, erstwhile stratching between a Left Bank's place Maubert & a Sorbonne university.

The Statue of Liberty copy on the river Seine in Paris, France. Given to the city in 1885, it faces west, toward the original Liberty in New York City.

Cemeteries
Père Lachaise Cemetery - Many of Paris' illustrious historical numbers keep around uncovered rest on this button. Cimetière de Montmartre Cimetière du Montparnasse Cimetière de Passy Catacombs of Paris

Gardens
Watch likewise: List of parks and gardens in Paris

Luxembourg - the joining of gardens at one time belonging to the convent & to a chateau built for Marie de' Medici, located in central Paris on the Left Bank Montsouris - One of three huge gardens created in a period of the Second Empire on Paris' outskirts. (A more 2 come Buttes-Chaumont & Parc Monceau.) These are placed on the to the south perimeter. Buttes-Chaumont - located in northeast Paris Parc Monceau - located in northwest Paris, at one time a folie de Chartres Bois de Boulogne - on Paris' american perimeter, redesigned when you took a Second Empire Bois de Vincennes - on Paris' eastern perimeter

Commercial districts
Les Halles - shopping precinct as much as an significant metro connection station. Le Marais - trendy district on the Correct Bank by using big gay and Jewish populations l'Opéra - Holds many of Paris' largest departement stores such as Printemps and Galeries Lafayette

Boutiques, department stores and hotels
Gastronomical Establishments Fauchon Berthillon ice cream Department stores Galeries Lafayette Printemps Famous hotels: Hôtel de Crillon, Place de la Concorde Hôtel George V, Avenue Georges V Hôtel Ritz Paris, Place Vendôme

Night life
Le Lido - cabaret in the Champs-Élysées famous for its exotic shows & in which, as an Western GI on leave by using a few army friends, Elvis Presley gave an impromptu concert. Moulin Rouge, Le Crazy Horse Saloon, Folies Bergères - other notable cabarets a Paris Olympia, le Zenith, Bercy, Bobino - concerts halls The Buddha Bar, Barfly, Hotel Costes, Georges - trendy upscale restaurant / blocks to look at & become seen. Les Bains-Douches, lupus erythematosus Human Ray, 50'Elysée Montmartre, lupus erythematosus Queen - famous & voguish cabaret. The Rex Club, Le Tryptique, Le Batofar- goo500 web pages for electro music (techno, electro-rock, D&B).

Sports clubs
Paris's main sports clubs are Paris Saint-Germain, Football (soccer) club, Paris Basket Racing, Basketball team and Stade Français, Rugby union club.

Suburban Locales of Interest
Business districts La Défense - major office, cinema & concidering complex, west of Paris

Monuments Grande Arche diamond state la Défense - built in alignment sustaining a Louvre, place du Concorde & Arc de Triomphe

Chateaux Palace of Versailles - the previous royal palace of Louis XIV and later kings, in the town of Versailles to the southeast of Paris. Vaux-le-Vicomte, near Melun, a little palace in which Versailles was modeled. Saint Denis Basilica - ancient Gothic Cathedral and memorial park for numerous French monarchs, set northward of the city. Tuileries Palace - third royal/imperial palace of France, 1789-1792, 1804-1848, 1852-1870, destroyed in 1871.

Civil Constructions Arcueil Aqueduct - Completed in 1874 from either either a Monstouris reservoirs, its trend lines fluids from sources 156km south of Paris.

Recreation parks & areas Parc Astérix Disneyland Resort Paris

A short chronology

52 BC - Lutetia, later on to turn into Paris, is built per Gallo-Romans 1113 - Pierre Abélard opens his school 1163 - Building of Notre Dame begins 1257 - A Sorbonne University is founded 1682 - Louis XIV moves a French court from either the Tuileries palace to Versailles July, 1789 - Storming of the Bastille Royal personal forced from either Versailles back to Paris 1814 - Paris occupied per armies of the Sixth Coalition after the fall of Napoleon 1815 - Paris is once again occupied, this period per Seventh Coalition, after a prevent of the Hundred Days 1840 - Napoleon's remains are buried at Les Invalides 1853 - Baron Haussmann rebuilds the center of Paris 1855 - Exposition Universelle (1855) 1856 - Congress of Paris is held 1867 - Exposition Universelle (1867) 1870 - Prussian Siege of Paris. Gen von Blumenthal refuses to bombard. January 28th, 1871 - Paris Commune falls 1878 - Exposition Universelle (1878) 1889 - Exposition Universelle (1889) - Eiffel Tower 1900 - Exposition Universelle (1900) Paris Métro is opened 1925 - Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (1925) 1931 - French Colonial Exposition (1931) June 13, 1940 - Nazis enter Paris August 24, 1944 - Allies liberate the city 1968 - Student riots in Paris, combined with the series of strikes by workers nationally, threaten to bring down the Gaullist government 1999 - Opening of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France

Paris hosted a Summer Olympics twice, in 1900 & 1924. A 1998 World Cup was hosted by France; several matches were held within Paris proper at Parc des Princes, and many others, including a final, were held at Stade de France in the suburb of Saint-Denis.